{ "jurisdiction_id": "US-AK", "jurisdiction": "United States – Alaska", "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-alaska/", "generator": "render_jid v13.3.0", "date_modified": "2026-08-26", "schema_version": "world-payments-v1", "counts": { "modules": 14, "sourced_findings": 65, "source_register": 147 }, "modules": [ { "code": "W1a", "name": "Licensing, Authorisation & Market Access", "confidence": "Confirmed", "moved_this_cycle": true, "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-alaska/#w1a-licensing-authorisation-market-access", "standing_position": "Alaska replaced its money-transmission statutes via SB 86 (Ch. 48 SLA 26, enacted 30 June 2026), bringing virtual-currency business activity within the licensing perimeter, enabling NMLS multistate registration/renewal; SB 249 (Ch. 50 SLA 26) imposes a licence requirement specifically on virtual-currency kiosk operators effective 1 October 2026.", "findings": [ { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "statute+regulator", "source": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/dbs/ConsumerFinance/MoneyServiceBusinesses.aspx", "source_url": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/dbs/ConsumerFinance/MoneyServiceBusinesses.aspx", "source_tier": "1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "statute (AS 06.55.101/.102/.103)", "source": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/portals/3/pub/MoneyServicesStatutesRev09242018.pdf", "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/get_documents.asp?session=32&docid=93219", "source_tier": "1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "statute (AS 06.55.104/.107)", "source": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/Portals/3/pub/MoneyServicesStatutesRev09242018.pdf", "source_url": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/portals/3/pub/MoneyServicesStatutesRev09242018.pdf", "source_tier": "1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "pending legislation (SB86)", "source": "https://www.billtrack50.com/billdetail/1819801", "source_url": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/portals/3/pub/MoneyServicesStatutesRev09242018.pdf", "source_tier": "1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "legislative sectional analysis", "source": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/get_documents.asp?session=32&docid=93219", "source_url": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/portals/3/pub/MoneyServicesStatutesRev09242018.pdf", "source_tier": "1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "regulator guidance", "source": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/Portals/3/pub/Money%20Transmitter%20Application%20Checklist%20Rev%20-%2020250505.pdf", "source_url": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/portals/3/pub/MoneyServicesStatutesRev09242018.pdf", "source_tier": "1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" } ] }, { "code": "W1b", "name": "Conduct, Safeguarding & Financial Promotions", "confidence": "Confirmed", "moved_this_cycle": false, "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-alaska/#w1b-conduct-safeguarding-financial-promotions", "standing_position": "Safeguarding runs through statutory trust/permissible-investments rules (AS 06.55.501 et seq.), with strict segregation of customer funds from licensee assets — including virtual currency, which cannot be rehypothecated. DBS actively enforces this: it denied Coinme Inc.'s 2026 license renewal after finding pledged/collateralized virtual-currency assets undermined trust obligations, and denied BAM Trading Services (Binance.US) a 2024 renewal. Consumer transmission/refund timelines are codified in AS 06.55.820-840.", "findings": [ { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "statute (AS 06.55.501)", "source": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/Bill/Text/33?Hsid=SB0084A", "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/Bill/Text/33?Hsid=SB0084A", "source_tier": "1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "enforcement order", "source": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/Portals/3/pub/EnforcementActions/Redacted%202025-00127_Coinme%20Statement%20of%20Issues_20251210.pdf", "source_url": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/Portals/3/pub/EnforcementActions/Redacted%202025-00127_Coinme%20Statement%20of%20Issues_20251210.pdf", "source_tier": "1", "retrieved_at": null }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "enforcement order", "source": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/dbs/newsandalerts.aspx", "source_url": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/dbs/newsandalerts.aspx", "source_tier": "1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "statute (AS 06.55.820/.840)", "source": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/portals/3/pub/MoneyservicesStatutes.pdf", "source_url": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/dbs/newsandalerts.aspx", "source_tier": "1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "regulator guidance", "source": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/Portals/3/pub/Money%20Transmitter%20Application%20Checklist%20Rev%20-%2020250505.pdf", "source_url": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/dbs/newsandalerts.aspx", "source_tier": "1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" } ] }, { "code": "W2", "name": "Stablecoins & Digital Money", "confidence": "High", "moved_this_cycle": false, "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-alaska/#w2-stablecoins-digital-money", "standing_position": "Alaska has no bespoke stablecoin statute; virtual currency is folded into the existing money-transmission licensing perimeter. A November 2022 DBS rule change (3 AAC 13.810/13.990, effective Jan 1, 2023) brought virtual currency transactions squarely within 'money transmission,' phasing out the prior Limited Licensing Agreement (LLA) workaround. SB86/HB0408 modernization further updates virtual-currency definitions and permissible-investment treatment. At the federal layer, the GENIUS Act (2025) creates a national payment-stablecoin issuer framework (OCC/Fed/FDIC/NCUA + state regulators) now in ANPR rulemaking on AML/sanctions obligations.", "findings": [ { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "regulation (3 AAC 13)", "source": "https://www.fintechlawblog.com/2022/12/27/alaska-will-require-licensing-for-crypto-money-transmitters/", "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/get_documents.asp?session=32&docid=93219", "source_tier": "2", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "regulator guidance", "source": "https://www.fintechlawblog.com/2022/12/27/alaska-will-require-licensing-for-crypto-money-transmitters/", "source_url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/03/02/2026-04089/implementing-the-guiding-and-establishing-national-innovation-for-us-stablecoins-act-for-the", "source_tier": "2", "retrieved_at": null }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "statute (AS 06.55.205-.290)", "source": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/get_documents.asp?session=32&docid=93219", "source_url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/03/02/2026-04089/implementing-the-guiding-and-establishing-national-innovation-for-us-stablecoins-act-for-the", "source_tier": "1", "retrieved_at": null }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "federal statute (GENIUS Act) + ANPR", "source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/04/10/2026-06963/permitted-payment-stablecoin-issuer-anti-money-launderingcountering-the-financing-of-terrorism", "source_url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/03/02/2026-04089/implementing-the-guiding-and-establishing-national-innovation-for-us-stablecoins-act-for-the", "source_tier": "1", "retrieved_at": null }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "secondary survey", "source": "https://stevenscenter.wharton.upenn.edu/publications-50-state-review/", "source_url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/03/02/2026-04089/implementing-the-guiding-and-establishing-national-innovation-for-us-stablecoins-act-for-the", "source_tier": "3", "retrieved_at": null } ] }, { "code": "W3", "name": "Operational Resilience & Critical Infrastructure", "confidence": "Assessed", "moved_this_cycle": false, "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-alaska/#w3-operational-resilience-critical-infrastructure", "standing_position": "Alaska has no bespoke operational-resilience statute; resilience obligations flow from (a) statutory examination cadence for state-chartered banks under Title 6, (b) federal FFIEC/OCC/FDIC cybersecurity supervisory guidance applicable to Alaska-domiciled banks, and (c) DBS advisories urging financial entities to review cybersecurity policies. A distinct, geography-driven resilience issue for Alaska is connectivity fragility in rural/village banking channels, now being addressed through federally-funded rural fiber build-out.", "findings": [ { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "statute (AS Title 6)", "source": "https://ballotpedia.org/Financial_regulation_in_Alaska", "source_url": "https://www.fdic.gov/news/financial-institution-letters/2024/sunset-ffiec-cybersecurity-assessment-tool", "source_tier": "1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "regulator advisory", "source": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/dbs/newsandalerts.aspx", "source_url": "https://www.americanbanker.com/news/in-rural-alaska-villages-internet-banking-comes-with-challenges", "source_tier": "1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "federal supervisory guidance", "source": "https://www.fdic.gov/news/financial-institution-letters/2024/sunset-ffiec-cybersecurity-assessment-tool", "source_url": "https://www.americanbanker.com/news/in-rural-alaska-villages-internet-banking-comes-with-challenges", "source_tier": "1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "market/operational report", "source": "https://www.americanbanker.com/news/in-rural-alaska-villages-internet-banking-comes-with-challenges", "source_url": "https://www.americanbanker.com/news/in-rural-alaska-villages-internet-banking-comes-with-challenges", "source_tier": "3", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" } ] }, { "code": "W4", "name": "Scheme & Network Compliance", "confidence": "High", "moved_this_cycle": false, "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-alaska/#w4-scheme-network-compliance", "standing_position": "Alaska has no state-level card-scheme or interchange regulator; card-network rules (Visa/Mastercard) and federal law govern surcharging and interchange by default. The one Alaska-specific legislative intervention is a 2025/2026 bill barring issuers/networks/acquirers from charging interchange on the tax/gratuity portion of electronic transactions when documentation is provided.", "findings": [ { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "pending legislation (HB171)", "source": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/Bill/Text/34?Hsid=HB0171A", "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/Bill/Text/34?Hsid=HB0171A", "source_tier": "1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "market practice", "source": "https://merchantcostconsulting.com/lower-credit-card-processing-fees/alaska-credit-card-surcharge-laws/", "source_url": "https://merchantcostconsulting.com/lower-credit-card-processing-fees/alaska-credit-card-surcharge-laws/", "source_tier": "3", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "official practice notice", "source": "https://courts.alaska.gov/adbulls/docs/ab95.pdf", "source_url": "https://merchantcostconsulting.com/lower-credit-card-processing-fees/alaska-credit-card-surcharge-laws/", "source_tier": "2", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" } ] }, { "code": "W5", "name": "Payment Corridor Dynamics", "confidence": "Assessed", "moved_this_cycle": false, "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-alaska/#w5-payment-corridor-dynamics", "standing_position": "Alaska sits at the intersection of two distinct corridor dynamics: (1) conventional international remittance corridors (e.g., to the Philippines) served by nationally-licensed money transmitters operating under an Alaska money transmitter license, and (2) an acute intra-state corridor problem — moving money into geographically isolated, often plane/boat-only-access Native villages — addressed through remote deposit capture, interactive teller machines, and federally-funded rural broadband/fiber build-out.", "findings": [ { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "corridor/licensing disclosure", "source": "https://www.pnbe-send.com/services.aspx", "source_url": "https://www.pnbe-send.com/services.aspx", "source_tier": "3", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "corridor/access report", "source": "https://www.americanbanker.com/news/in-rural-alaska-villages-internet-banking-comes-with-challenges", "source_url": "https://www.bankingdive.com/news/alaska-credit-union-1-banking-deserts-branches/820333/", "source_tier": "3", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "corridor/access report", "source": "https://www.bankingdive.com/news/alaska-credit-union-1-banking-deserts-branches/820333/", "source_url": "https://www.bankingdive.com/news/alaska-credit-union-1-banking-deserts-branches/820333/", "source_tier": "3", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "corridor/access report", "source": "https://www.americanbanker.com/news/in-rural-alaska-villages-internet-banking-comes-with-challenges", "source_url": "https://www.bankingdive.com/news/alaska-credit-union-1-banking-deserts-branches/820333/", "source_tier": "3", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" } ] }, { "code": "W6", "name": "Industry Structure & Commercial Dynamics", "confidence": "High", "moved_this_cycle": false, "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-alaska/#w6-industry-structure-commercial-dynamics", "standing_position": "Alaska's payments/banking market is a concentrated mix of one dominant national bank (Wells Fargo, ~50% of deposits historically), several DBS-chartered community banks (Northrim, First National Bank Alaska, Denali State Bank, Mt. McKinley Bank), one DBS-chartered credit union (Credit Union 1), and the large federally-chartered Global Credit Union (formerly Alaska USA), which is consolidating further via a 2025-2026 merger with MAC Federal Credit Union. Eight CDFIs, mostly Native-focused, fill the underserved/rural gap.", "findings": [ { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "market structure report", "source": "https://www.akbizmag.com/industry/finance/distinguishing-differences-in-financial-institutions/", "source_url": "https://www.akbizmag.com/industry/finance/distinguishing-differences-in-financial-institutions/", "source_tier": "3", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "regulator directory", "source": "https://www.akbizmag.com/industry/finance/distinguishing-differences-in-financial-institutions/", "source_url": "https://tyfone.com/news/breaking-news/alaskas-largest-credit-unions-find-growth-through-ma/", "source_tier": "1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "market structure", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Credit_Union", "source_url": "https://tyfone.com/news/breaking-news/alaskas-largest-credit-unions-find-growth-through-ma/", "source_tier": "3", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "M&A/market structure report", "source": "https://tyfone.com/news/breaking-news/alaskas-largest-credit-unions-find-growth-through-ma/", "source_url": "https://tyfone.com/news/breaking-news/alaskas-largest-credit-unions-find-growth-through-ma/", "source_tier": "3", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "market structure", "source": "https://digital.akbizmag.com/issue/february-2025/doing-good-in-underserved-communities/", "source_url": "https://tyfone.com/news/breaking-news/alaskas-largest-credit-unions-find-growth-through-ma/", "source_tier": "3", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" } ] }, { "code": "W7", "name": "Legal & Litigation", "confidence": "Confirmed", "moved_this_cycle": false, "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-alaska/#w7-legal-litigation", "standing_position": "DBS has been an active enforcer against crypto-exposed money transmitters: it denied Coinme Inc.'s 2026 license renewal (Dec 2025) over trust-fund/collateralization failures, and denied BAM Trading Services (Binance.US) a 2024 renewal. Separately, DBS's securities arm has issued a string of 2025-2026 consent orders against major broker-dealers (RBC, TD Ameritrade, Edward Jones, LPL, Stifel) concerning retail minimum commissions. Northrim BanCorp is also subject to an active shareholder-rights investigation.", "findings": [ { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "enforcement order", "source": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/Portals/3/pub/EnforcementActions/Redacted%202025-00127_Coinme%20Statement%20of%20Issues_20251210.pdf", "source_url": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/dbs/enforcementorders.aspx", "source_tier": "1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "enforcement order", "source": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/dbs/newsandalerts.aspx", "source_url": "https://www.zoominfo.com/c/northrim-capital-investments-co/28050421", "source_tier": "1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "enforcement order register", "source": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/dbs/enforcementorders.aspx", "source_url": "https://www.zoominfo.com/c/northrim-capital-investments-co/28050421", "source_tier": "1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "shareholder litigation notice", "source": "https://www.zoominfo.com/c/northrim-capital-investments-co/28050421", "source_url": "https://www.zoominfo.com/c/northrim-capital-investments-co/28050421", "source_tier": "4", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" } ] }, { "code": "W8", "name": "Merchant Acquiring & Risk", "confidence": "Assessed", "moved_this_cycle": false, "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-alaska/#w8-merchant-acquiring-risk", "standing_position": "Alaska has no dedicated merchant-acquiring licensing or high-risk-MCC regime; acquiring/onboarding risk practice defaults to federal law and card-network rules, layered with the state's narrow 2025/2026 interchange-on-tax/gratuity carve-out (HB171) that directly names acquirer banks and processors. No Alaska-specific chargeback/dispute statute was located.", "findings": [ { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "pending legislation", "source": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/Bill/Text/34?Hsid=HB0171A", "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/Bill/Text/34?Hsid=HB0171A", "source_tier": "1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "market practice", "source": "https://www.nickel.com/surcharge-laws/alaska", "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/Bill/Text/34?Hsid=HB0171A", "source_tier": "3", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" } ] }, { "code": "W9", "name": "Product Innovation & Market Development", "confidence": "High", "moved_this_cycle": false, "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-alaska/#w9-product-innovation-market-development", "standing_position": "Alaska's payments innovation is dominated by access-driven product development for rural/village markets — remote deposit capture, interactive teller machines (ITMs) airlifted into isolated communities, and federally-funded fiber build-out — rather than conventional fintech/open-banking launches. The federal CFPB open-banking (Section 1033) rulemaking, which would affect Alaska-domiciled banks' data-sharing obligations, remains paused/enjoined as of late 2025. Virtual-currency kiosks (Bitcoin ATMs) are a fast-growing but now-regulated product category.", "findings": [ { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "product innovation report", "source": "https://www.bankingdive.com/news/alaska-credit-union-1-banking-deserts-branches/820333/", "source_url": "https://www.fintechweekly.com/magazine/articles/cfpb-open-banking-rule-pause-fintech-data-access", "source_tier": "3", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "federal rulemaking status", "source": "https://www.fintechweekly.com/magazine/articles/cfpb-open-banking-rule-pause-fintech-data-access", "source_url": "https://mustreadalaska.com/senate-passes-consumer-bill-of-rights-to-protect-alaskans-from-crypto-atm-scams/", "source_tier": "1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "pending legislation (SB249)", "source": "https://mustreadalaska.com/senate-passes-consumer-bill-of-rights-to-protect-alaskans-from-crypto-atm-scams/", "source_url": "https://mustreadalaska.com/senate-passes-consumer-bill-of-rights-to-protect-alaskans-from-crypto-atm-scams/", "source_tier": "2", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "product access report", "source": "https://www.americanbanker.com/news/in-rural-alaska-villages-internet-banking-comes-with-challenges", "source_url": "https://mustreadalaska.com/senate-passes-consumer-bill-of-rights-to-protect-alaskans-from-crypto-atm-scams/", "source_tier": "3", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" } ] }, { "code": "W10", "name": "Consumer Protection & APP Fraud", "confidence": "Confirmed", "moved_this_cycle": false, "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-alaska/#w10-consumer-protection-app-fraud", "standing_position": "Consumer protection runs through the general Unfair Trade Practices and Consumer Protection Act (UTPCPA, AS 45.50.471), enforced by the AG's Consumer Protection Unit, layered with a payments-specific 2026 wave of legislative and enforcement activity targeting crypto-ATM/APP fraud (SB249, HB324) after the AG issued public warnings and reported that Alaskans lost over $26 million to online fraud in 2024, with seniors bearing a disproportionate share.", "findings": [ { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "statute (AS 45.50.471)", "source": "https://law.justia.com/codes/alaska/title-45/chapter-50/article-3/section-45-50-471/", "source_url": "https://law.alaska.gov/press/releases/2026/042926-CryptoATM.html", "source_tier": "1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "regulator/enforcement body", "source": "https://law.alaska.gov/department/civil/consumer/cpindex.html", "source_url": "https://mustreadalaska.com/senate-passes-consumer-bill-of-rights-to-protect-alaskans-from-crypto-atm-scams/", "source_tier": "1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "pending legislation (SB249)", "source": "https://mustreadalaska.com/senate-passes-consumer-bill-of-rights-to-protect-alaskans-from-crypto-atm-scams/", "source_url": "https://mustreadalaska.com/senate-passes-consumer-bill-of-rights-to-protect-alaskans-from-crypto-atm-scams/", "source_tier": "2", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "official AG advisory", "source": "https://law.alaska.gov/press/releases/2026/042926-CryptoATM.html", "source_url": "https://mustreadalaska.com/senate-passes-consumer-bill-of-rights-to-protect-alaskans-from-crypto-atm-scams/", "source_tier": "1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "pending legislation (HB324)", "source": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/Bill/Detail/34?Root=HB+324", "source_url": "https://mustreadalaska.com/senate-passes-consumer-bill-of-rights-to-protect-alaskans-from-crypto-atm-scams/", "source_tier": "1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" } ] }, { "code": "W11", "name": "AML/CFT & Financial Crime", "confidence": "Possible", "moved_this_cycle": false, "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-alaska/#w11-aml-cft-financial-crime", "standing_position": "Sentinel.gi-fed payments-context AML/CFT position for US-AK was not retrievable via the dedicated Sentinel feed in this research pass; no direct Sentinel.gi corpus access was available to this collector. The only verifiable payments-context AML anchor located directly is the state-level cross-reference to federal BSA registration (31 U.S.C. 5330) required of Alaska money transmitter applicants. This module is therefore recorded with sentinel_feed=true per methodology but with absent-field provenance on substantive Sentinel content; no original illicit-finance analysis has been performed here, consistent with the FIM/WPM scope boundary.", "findings": [ { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "regulator guidance / federal cross-reference", "source": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/Portals/3/pub/Money%20Transmitter%20Application%20Checklist%20Rev%20-%2020250505.pdf", "source_url": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/Portals/3/pub/Money%20Transmitter%20Application%20Checklist%20Rev%20-%2020250505.pdf", "source_tier": "1", "retrieved_at": null }, { "finding": "Alaska operates under the federal BSA/FinCEN framework plus state licensing under the Alaska Uniform Money Services Act (AS 06.55), administered by the Division of Banking and Securities (DBS), which supervises MSBs, money transmitters and virtual-currency businesses and maintains an OFAC information-sharing MOU. Alaska has no independent AML statute or beneficial-ownership registry beyond incorporation of federal BSA obligations, and relies on the now-narrowed federal Corporate Transparency Act for BO visibility.", "instrument_type": "assessment", "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) per-JID baseline profile — United States — Alaska", "source_url": null, "source_tier": null, "retrieved_at": null }, { "finding": "Gap: sourcing-thinness", "instrument_type": "gap", "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) gaps_register_cumulative (issue FIM-BASE-GAP-004)", "source_url": null, "source_tier": null, "retrieved_at": null }, { "finding": "Gap: legal-gap", "instrument_type": "gap", "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) gaps_register_cumulative (issue FIM-BASE-GAP-003)", "source_url": null, "source_tier": null, "retrieved_at": null }, { "finding": "Sanctions: OFSI divergence", "instrument_type": "sanctions_change", "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) sanctions_change_register (issue FIM-BASE-SANC-003)", "source_url": null, "source_tier": "1", "retrieved_at": null }, { "finding": "Sanctions: EU listing", "instrument_type": "sanctions_change", "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) sanctions_change_register (issue FIM-BASE-SANC-002)", "source_url": null, "source_tier": "1", "retrieved_at": null }, { "finding": "Enforcement: FinCEN — Canaccord Genuity LLC", "instrument_type": "enforcement_action", "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) enforcement_action_register (issue FIM-BASE-ENF-004)", "source_url": null, "source_tier": "1", "retrieved_at": null }, { "finding": "Enforcement: FinCEN — BSA-covered financial institutions nationwide (including Alaska-chartered banks and credit unions)", "instrument_type": "enforcement_action", "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) enforcement_action_register (issue FIM-BASE-ENF-001)", "source_url": null, "source_tier": "1", "retrieved_at": null }, { "finding": "Gap: regulatory-failure", "instrument_type": "gap", "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) gaps_register_cumulative (issue FIM-BASE-GAP-002)", "source_url": null, "source_tier": null, "retrieved_at": null } ] }, { "code": "W12", "name": "Correspondent Banking, Settlement & Access", "confidence": "High", "moved_this_cycle": false, "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-alaska/#w12-correspondent-banking-settlement-access", "standing_position": "Correspondent-banking/settlement access in Alaska is dominated by a physical/geographic access problem rather than a de-risking or clearing-membership problem: Federal Reserve data show Alaska has an outsized share of banking deserts, concentrated in Alaska Native communities, addressed partly through CDFIs and specialist lenders providing correspondent-style capital access to Native organizations.", "findings": [ { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "Federal Reserve data", "source": "https://www.bankingdive.com/news/alaska-credit-union-1-banking-deserts-branches/820333/", "source_url": "https://www.ncb.coop/sectors-we-serve/alaska-and-native", "source_tier": "1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "correspondent capital access", "source": "https://www.ncb.coop/sectors-we-serve/alaska-and-native", "source_url": "https://www.ncb.coop/sectors-we-serve/alaska-and-native", "source_tier": "3", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "correspondent/CDFI access", "source": "https://digital.akbizmag.com/issue/february-2025/doing-good-in-underserved-communities/", "source_url": "https://www.ncb.coop/sectors-we-serve/alaska-and-native", "source_tier": "3", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "access/settlement report", "source": "https://www.bankingdive.com/news/alaska-credit-union-1-banking-deserts-branches/820333/", "source_url": "https://www.ncb.coop/sectors-we-serve/alaska-and-native", "source_tier": "3", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" } ] }, { "code": "W13", "name": "Commercial Intelligence & Fintech", "confidence": "Assessed", "moved_this_cycle": false, "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-alaska/#w13-commercial-intelligence-fintech", "standing_position": "Trailing-12-month (July 2025-July 2026) Alaska payments/banking commercial activity centers on: Northrim BanCorp's capital-raising and steady earnings; Credit Union 1's pending merger with MAC Federal Credit Union; a shareholder-rights investigation opened against Northrim BanCorp; and DBS's denial of Coinme's 2026 license renewal, which functions as a market-structure exit event for a crypto money-transmitter in the state.", "findings": [ { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "commercial_event: capital raise", "source": "https://stockanalysis.com/stocks/nrim/", "source_url": "https://tyfone.com/news/breaking-news/alaskas-largest-credit-unions-find-growth-through-ma/", "source_tier": "2", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "commercial_event: earnings", "source": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/04/22/3279401/8875/en/northrim-bancorp-earns-13-7-million-or-0-61-per-diluted-share-in-first-quarter-2026.html", "source_url": "https://stockanalysis.com/stocks/nrim/", "source_tier": "2", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "commercial_event: credit union merger", "source": "https://tyfone.com/news/breaking-news/alaskas-largest-credit-unions-find-growth-through-ma/", "source_url": "https://stockanalysis.com/stocks/nrim/", "source_tier": "3", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "commercial_event: market exit", "source": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/Portals/3/pub/EnforcementActions/Redacted%202025-00127_Coinme%20Statement%20of%20Issues_20251210.pdf", "source_url": "https://stockanalysis.com/stocks/nrim/", "source_tier": "1", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" }, { "finding": null, "instrument_type": "commercial_event: shareholder investigation", "source": "https://www.zoominfo.com/c/northrim-capital-investments-co/28050421", "source_url": "https://stockanalysis.com/stocks/nrim/", "source_tier": "4", "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05" } ] } ] }